Verse-by-verse analysis and insights from the Authorized King James Version (KJV)
Note: This AI-powered commentary is generated based on historical, theological, and scholarly sources. It's designed to assist your study but should not replace personal reflection and traditional commentaries.
Chapter Overview
Isaiah 53 is a suffering servant oracle chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of holiness, judgment, obedience.
Written during the Assyrian and pre-exilic periods (c. 740-680 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Addressed Judah during Assyria's rise, Babylon's threat, and anticipated restoration.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
This chapter is significant because it provides the clearest Old Testament prophecy of the Messiah's suffering.
When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Isaiah
and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed?
Analysis - Verse 1
The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.
This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.
Study Questions - Verse 1
What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of salvation, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of soteriology and the doctrine of salvation?
In what ways does understanding divine sovereignty in its original context challenge or deepen contemporary Christian thinking about salvation?
What practical applications emerge from understanding salvation as presented in this verse, particularly in light of addressing questions of religious pluralism and the exclusivity of Christ?
For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him.
Analysis - Verse 2
Within the broader context of Isaiah, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Isaiah.
The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.
Study Questions - Verse 2
How does the salvation theme in this verse connect to the overarching narrative of Scripture, and what does this reveal about God's character and purposes?
In what ways does this verse's emphasis on divine revelation address religious pluralism and questions about the necessity of Christ, and how should the church respond?
What practical applications emerge from understanding salvation as presented in this verse, particularly in light of addressing questions of religious pluralism and the exclusivity of Christ?
He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not.
Analysis - Verse 3
This verse develops the salvation theme central to Isaiah. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.
The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Isaiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.
Study Questions - Verse 3
What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of salvation, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of soteriology and the doctrine of salvation?
How might the original audience's understanding of divine revelation differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?
How does this passage contribute to our understanding of from physical deliverance in the Old Testament to spiritual redemption in the New, and what implications does this have for Christian discipleship?
Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted.
Analysis - Verse 4
Within the broader context of Isaiah, this passage highlights salvation through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Isaiah.
The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Isaiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.
Study Questions - Verse 4
In what ways does this verse's emphasis on divine sovereignty address religious pluralism and questions about the necessity of Christ, and how should the church respond?
How does the salvation theme in this verse connect to the overarching narrative of Scripture, and what does this reveal about God's character and purposes?
How does this passage contribute to our understanding of from physical deliverance in the Old Testament to spiritual redemption in the New, and what implications does this have for Christian discipleship?
But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.
Analysis - Verse 5
But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. This verse stands at the heart of the Suffering Servant song, providing the clearest Old Testament prophecy of substitutionary atonement. The four Hebrew verbs describe the Servant's suffering: "wounded" (mecholal, מְחֹלָל) from piercing, "bruised" (medukka, מְדֻכָּא) from crushing, bearing "chastisement" (musar, מוּסָר), and providing healing through "stripes" (chaburah, חַבּוּרָה).
The preposition "for" (min, מִן) indicates substitution—the Servant suffers in place of others. "Our transgressions" and "our iniquities" emphasize that the suffering is vicarious, not for the Servant's own sins. The parallel structure reinforces that the Servant's suffering directly addresses human sin and its consequences.
"The chastisement of our peace" indicates that the punishment necessary for reconciliation fell upon the Servant rather than the guilty parties. The word "peace" (shalom, שָׁלוֹם) encompasses complete well-being and restoration of relationship with God.
Isaiah prophesied during the 8th century BCE, addressing Judah's spiritual crisis and the threat of Assyrian invasion. The Suffering Servant songs (Isaiah 42, 49, 50, 52-53) present a figure who would accomplish what Israel failed to do—be a light to the nations and bring salvation to the ends of the earth.
Ancient Near Eastern cultures understood vicarious suffering and substitutionary rituals, but typically involved animals or slaves substituting for the guilty. The concept of a righteous individual voluntarily suffering for others' sins was unprecedented in scope and significance.
Jewish interpretation historically applied this passage to the nation of Israel or to righteous individuals within Israel. However, the New Testament writers consistently identified Jesus as the fulfillment of this prophecy, seeing in His crucifixion the precise fulfillment of Isaiah's description.
Study Questions - Verse 5
How does Isaiah 53:5 explain the mechanism by which Christ's suffering accomplishes human salvation?
What does the emphasis on 'our' transgressions and iniquities reveal about human responsibility and divine grace?
How should understanding Christ as the Suffering Servant shape Christian responses to persecution and suffering?
All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.
Analysis - Verse 6
Within the broader context of Isaiah, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Isaiah.
The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Isaiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.
Study Questions - Verse 6
How does this verse's literary context within Isaiah chapter 53 illuminate its theological significance, and what does this teach us about biblical interpretation?
What practical applications emerge from understanding salvation as presented in this verse, particularly in light of addressing questions of religious pluralism and the exclusivity of Christ?
What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of salvation, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of soteriology and the doctrine of salvation?
He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth.
Analysis - Verse 7
This verse develops the salvation theme central to Isaiah. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.
This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.
Study Questions - Verse 7
How might the original audience's understanding of divine revelation differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?
In what ways does understanding divine revelation in its original context challenge or deepen contemporary Christian thinking about salvation?
What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of salvation, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of soteriology and the doctrine of salvation?
He was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he stricken.
Analysis - Verse 8
Within the broader context of Isaiah, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of covenant community connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant community, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Isaiah.
The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood covenant community. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.
Study Questions - Verse 8
How does this verse's literary context within Isaiah chapter 53 illuminate its theological significance, and what does this teach us about biblical interpretation?
What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of salvation, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of soteriology and the doctrine of salvation?
In what ways does understanding covenant community in its original context challenge or deepen contemporary Christian thinking about salvation?
And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth.
Analysis - Verse 9
Within the broader context of Isaiah, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Isaiah.
This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.
Study Questions - Verse 9
What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of salvation, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of soteriology and the doctrine of salvation?
How does this verse's literary context within Isaiah chapter 53 illuminate its theological significance, and what does this teach us about biblical interpretation?
How might the original audience's understanding of divine revelation differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?
Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand.
Analysis - Verse 10
Within the broader context of Isaiah, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Isaiah.
This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.
Study Questions - Verse 10
How might the original audience's understanding of divine sovereignty differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?
How does this passage contribute to our understanding of from physical deliverance in the Old Testament to spiritual redemption in the New, and what implications does this have for Christian discipleship?
How does this verse's literary context within Isaiah chapter 53 illuminate its theological significance, and what does this teach us about biblical interpretation?
He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities.
Analysis - Verse 11
Within the broader context of Isaiah, this passage highlights salvation through universal language and absolute statements. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Isaiah.
The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Isaiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.
Study Questions - Verse 11
How might the original audience's understanding of divine revelation differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?
In what ways does this verse's emphasis on divine revelation address religious pluralism and questions about the necessity of Christ, and how should the church respond?
What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of salvation, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of soteriology and the doctrine of salvation?
Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.
Analysis - Verse 12
This verse develops the salvation theme central to Isaiah. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.
The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.
Study Questions - Verse 12
How might the original audience's understanding of divine revelation differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?
How does this passage contribute to our understanding of from physical deliverance in the Old Testament to spiritual redemption in the New, and what implications does this have for Christian discipleship?
What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of salvation, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of soteriology and the doctrine of salvation?
Note: This AI-powered commentary is generated based on historical, theological, and scholarly sources. It's designed to assist your study but should not replace personal reflection and traditional commentaries.
Chapter Overview
Isaiah 53 is a suffering servant oracle chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of holiness, judgment, obedience. Written during the Assyrian and pre-exilic periods (c. 740-680 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Addressed Judah during Assyria's rise, Babylon's threat, and anticipated restoration.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
This chapter is significant because it provides the clearest Old Testament prophecy of the Messiah's suffering. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Isaiah and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Analysis - Verse 1
Cross References
Historical Context - Verse 1
Study Questions - Verse 1
Analysis - Verse 2
Cross References
Historical Context - Verse 2
Study Questions - Verse 2
Analysis - Verse 3
Cross References
Historical Context - Verse 3
Study Questions - Verse 3
Analysis - Verse 4
Cross References
Historical Context - Verse 4
Study Questions - Verse 4
Analysis - Verse 5
The preposition "for" (min, מִן) indicates substitution—the Servant suffers in place of others. "Our transgressions" and "our iniquities" emphasize that the suffering is vicarious, not for the Servant's own sins. The parallel structure reinforces that the Servant's suffering directly addresses human sin and its consequences.
"The chastisement of our peace" indicates that the punishment necessary for reconciliation fell upon the Servant rather than the guilty parties. The word "peace" (shalom, שָׁלוֹם) encompasses complete well-being and restoration of relationship with God.
Cross References
Historical Context - Verse 5
Ancient Near Eastern cultures understood vicarious suffering and substitutionary rituals, but typically involved animals or slaves substituting for the guilty. The concept of a righteous individual voluntarily suffering for others' sins was unprecedented in scope and significance.
Jewish interpretation historically applied this passage to the nation of Israel or to righteous individuals within Israel. However, the New Testament writers consistently identified Jesus as the fulfillment of this prophecy, seeing in His crucifixion the precise fulfillment of Isaiah's description.
Study Questions - Verse 5
Analysis - Verse 6
Cross References
Historical Context - Verse 6
Study Questions - Verse 6
Analysis - Verse 7
Cross References
Historical Context - Verse 7
Study Questions - Verse 7
Analysis - Verse 8
Cross References
Historical Context - Verse 8
Study Questions - Verse 8
Analysis - Verse 9
Cross References
Historical Context - Verse 9
Study Questions - Verse 9
Analysis - Verse 10
Cross References
Historical Context - Verse 10
Study Questions - Verse 10
Analysis - Verse 11
Cross References
Historical Context - Verse 11
Study Questions - Verse 11
Analysis - Verse 12
Cross References
Historical Context - Verse 12
Study Questions - Verse 12