Zechariah 3:10

Authorized King James Version

In that day, saith the LORD of hosts, shall ye call every man his neighbour under the vine and under the fig tree.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
בַּיּ֣וֹם
In that day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#2
הַה֗וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#3
נְאֻם֙
saith
an oracle
#4
יְהוָ֣ה
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#5
צְבָא֔וֹת
of hosts
a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci
#6
תִּקְרְא֖וּ
shall ye call
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
#7
אִ֣ישׁ
every man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#8
לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ
his neighbour
an associate (more or less close)
#9
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#10
תַּ֥חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#11
גֶּ֖פֶן
under the vine
a vine (as twining), especially the grape
#12
וְאֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#13
תַּ֥חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#14
תְּאֵנָֽה׃
and under the fig tree
the fig (tree or fruit)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Zechariah. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Zechariah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection