Song of Solomon 3:8

Authorized King James Version

PDF

They all hold swords, being expert in war: every man hath his sword upon his thigh because of fear in the night.

Original Language Analysis

כֻּלָּם֙ H3605
כֻּלָּם֙
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 1 of 11
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֲחֻ֣זֵי They all hold H270
אֲחֻ֣זֵי They all hold
Strong's: H270
Word #: 2 of 11
to seize (often with the accessory idea of holding in possession)
חַרְבּוֹ֙ hath his sword H2719
חַרְבּוֹ֙ hath his sword
Strong's: H2719
Word #: 3 of 11
drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
מְלֻמְּדֵ֖י being expert H3925
מְלֻמְּדֵ֖י being expert
Strong's: H3925
Word #: 4 of 11
properly, to goad, i.e., (by implication) to teach (the rod being an middle eastern incentive)
מִלְחָמָ֑ה in war H4421
מִלְחָמָ֑ה in war
Strong's: H4421
Word #: 5 of 11
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)
אִ֤ישׁ every man H376
אִ֤ישׁ every man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 6 of 11
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
חַרְבּוֹ֙ hath his sword H2719
חַרְבּוֹ֙ hath his sword
Strong's: H2719
Word #: 7 of 11
drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 8 of 11
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
יְרֵכ֔וֹ upon his thigh H3409
יְרֵכ֔וֹ upon his thigh
Strong's: H3409
Word #: 9 of 11
the thigh (from its fleshy softness); by euphemistically the generative parts; figuratively, a shank, flank, side
מִפַּ֖חַד because of fear H6343
מִפַּ֖חַד because of fear
Strong's: H6343
Word #: 10 of 11
a (sudden) alarm (properly, the object feared, by implication, the feeling)
בַּלֵּילֽוֹת׃ in the night H3915
בַּלֵּילֽוֹת׃ in the night
Strong's: H3915
Word #: 11 of 11
properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity

Analysis & Commentary

They all hold swords, being expert in war: every man hath his sword upon his thigh because of fear in the night. These warriors are fully armed—'they all hold swords' (kullam achuzey cherev, כֻּלָּם אֲחֻזֵי חֶרֶב) indicates ready weapons. Being expert in war (melummedey milchamah, מְלֻמְּדֵי מִלְחָמָה) means trained, experienced fighters. Every man hath his sword upon his thigh (ish charbo al-yerekho, אִישׁ חַרְבּוֹ עַל־יְרֵכוֹ) shows readiness—swords strapped for quick access. Because of fear in the night (mipachad balleylot, מִפַּחַד בַּלֵּילוֹת) explains vigilance: night brings danger requiring constant readiness.

Love's procession requires armed protection—beauty and danger coexist. The bride is precious but vulnerable, warranting expert guards maintaining constant vigilance. 'Fear in the night' acknowledges real threats—physical danger, spiritual opposition. This teaches that covenant love, while beautiful, faces genuine opposition requiring protection. Spiritually, believers face real spiritual warfare (Ephesians 6:12) requiring divine protection and spiritual vigilance. Christ's 'mighty warriors' maintain constant guard 'because of fear in the night'—the devil prowls like a roaring lion (1 Peter 5:8), but believers are protected by One greater.

Historical Context

Night travel in ancient world was dangerous—bandits, wild animals, difficult terrain in darkness. Wedding processions carrying valuable dowry gifts attracted robbers. Trained warriors with ready weapons provided security. Wearing swords 'upon thigh' (al-yerekho, עַל־יְרֵכוֹ) allowed quick drawing for defense. The phrase 'expert in war' (melummedey milchamah, מְלֻמְּדֵי מִלְחָמָה) describes professional soldiers, not amateurs—experienced, disciplined, effective. Early church fathers interpreted 'fear in the night' as spiritual dangers—demonic opposition, heresy, persecution. The sword became symbol of God's word (Ephesians 6:17) and spiritual warfare. The Reformers emphasized spiritual vigilance—believers must 'watch and pray' (Matthew 26:41). The Puritans practiced self-examination and prayer as spiritual 'sword drills.' Modern readers recognize both God's protection over His people and the call to spiritual vigilance.

Questions for Reflection