Psalms 12:8

Authorized King James Version

The wicked walk on every side, when the vilest men are exalted.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
סָבִ֗יב
on every side
(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
#2
רְשָׁעִ֥ים
The wicked
morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person
#3
יִתְהַלָּכ֑וּן
walk
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#4
כְּרֻ֥ם
are exalted
to be high actively, to rise or raise (in various applications, literally or figuratively)
#5
זֻ֝לּ֗וּת
when the vilest
properly, a shaking, i.e., perhaps a tempest
#6
לִבְנֵ֥י
men
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#7
אָדָֽם׃
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

Analysis

The worship and praise theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection