Joshua 21:6

Authorized King James Version

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And the children of Gershon had by lot out of the families of the tribe of Issachar, and out of the tribe of Asher, and out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the half tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, thirteen cities.

Original Language Analysis

וְלִבְנֵ֣י And the children H1121
וְלִבְנֵ֣י And the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 1 of 17
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
גֵֽרְשׁ֗וֹן of Gershon H1648
גֵֽרְשׁ֗וֹן of Gershon
Strong's: H1648
Word #: 2 of 17
gereshon or gereshom, an israelite
מִמִּשְׁפְּח֣וֹת out of the families H4940
מִמִּשְׁפְּח֣וֹת out of the families
Strong's: H4940
Word #: 3 of 17
a family, i.e., circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people
מַטֵּ֨ה and out of the tribe H4294
מַטֵּ֨ה and out of the tribe
Strong's: H4294
Word #: 4 of 17
a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance),
יִשָּׂשכָ֣ר of Issachar H3485
יִשָּׂשכָ֣ר of Issachar
Strong's: H3485
Word #: 5 of 17
jissaskar, a son of jacob
מַטֵּ֨ה and out of the tribe H4294
מַטֵּ֨ה and out of the tribe
Strong's: H4294
Word #: 6 of 17
a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance),
אָ֠שֵׁר of Asher H836
אָ֠שֵׁר of Asher
Strong's: H836
Word #: 7 of 17
asher, a son of jacob, and the tribe descended from him, with its territory; also a place in palestine
מַטֵּ֨ה and out of the tribe H4294
מַטֵּ֨ה and out of the tribe
Strong's: H4294
Word #: 8 of 17
a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance),
נַפְתָּלִ֜י of Naphtali H5321
נַפְתָּלִ֜י of Naphtali
Strong's: H5321
Word #: 9 of 17
naphtali, a son of jacob, with the tribe descended from him, and its territory
וּ֠מֵֽחֲצִי and out of the half H2677
וּ֠מֵֽחֲצִי and out of the half
Strong's: H2677
Word #: 10 of 17
the half or middle
מַטֵּ֨ה and out of the tribe H4294
מַטֵּ֨ה and out of the tribe
Strong's: H4294
Word #: 11 of 17
a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance),
מְנַשֶּׁ֤ה of Manasseh H4519
מְנַשֶּׁ֤ה of Manasseh
Strong's: H4519
Word #: 12 of 17
menashsheh, a grandson of jacob, also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
בַבָּשָׁן֙ in Bashan H1316
בַבָּשָׁן֙ in Bashan
Strong's: H1316
Word #: 13 of 17
bashan (often with the article), a region east of the jordan
בַּגּוֹרָ֔ל had by lot H1486
בַּגּוֹרָ֔ל had by lot
Strong's: H1486
Word #: 14 of 17
properly, a pebble, i.e., a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively, a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot)
עָרִ֖ים cities H5892
עָרִ֖ים cities
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 15 of 17
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
שְׁלֹ֥שׁ thirteen H7969
שְׁלֹ֥שׁ thirteen
Strong's: H7969
Word #: 16 of 17
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
עֶשְׂרֵֽה׃ H6240
עֶשְׂרֵֽה׃
Strong's: H6240
Word #: 17 of 17
ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth

Analysis & Commentary

And the children of Gershon had by lot out of the families of the tribe of Issachar, and out of the tribe of Asher, and out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the half tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, thirteen cities.

The "children of Gershon" (velivney Gershon, וְלִבְנֵי גֵרְשׁוֹן) were descended from Levi's firstborn son (Exodus 6:16-17). Despite primogeniture, Gershon's line didn't receive priestly privileges—those went to Kohath's descendant Aaron. This demonstrates that natural birth order doesn't determine spiritual calling; God's sovereign choice does (Romans 9:10-13). The Gershonites received "thirteen cities" in Israel's northern territories: Issachar (eastern Jezreel Valley), Asher (coastal Galilee), Naphtali (upper Galilee), and eastern Manasseh (Bashan/Golan).

The phrase "in Bashan" (baBashan, בַּבָּשָׁן) specifies the fertile, cattle-rich plateau east of the Sea of Galilee. Bashan's prosperity (Deuteronomy 32:14, Ezekiel 39:18) provided excellent pastureland for Levitical livestock. The migrash (pasture lands) surrounding these cities supported the Gershonites economically, balancing spiritual calling with practical provision.

The allocation "by lot" (bagoral, בַּגּוֹרָל) for the third time emphasizes God's sovereign distribution. The northern positioning of Gershonite cities created a Levitical presence in Israel's remotest territories, ensuring even distant tribes had access to Torah instruction. This fulfills God's intent that knowledge of His law pervade all Israel, not just the southern tribes near Jerusalem.

Historical Context

The Gershonites' northern cities included refuge cities like Kedesh in Naphtali (verse 32) and Golan in Bashan (verse 27). Their frontier positioning made them vulnerable during Assyrian invasions (732-722 BC), when northern territories fell first. Many Gershonites likely died or were exiled during this period. Yet their faithful presence in Israel's borders during peacetime demonstrates that God positions His servants even in dangerous places for kingdom purposes. Geography doesn't exempt believers from service—God calls some to spiritually difficult or physically dangerous locations.

Questions for Reflection

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