Joshua 19:37
And Kedesh, and Edrei, and En-hazor,
Original Language Analysis
Historical Context
Naphtali's territory in Upper Galilee was mountainous and agriculturally rich. Its proximity to Phoenicia and Damascus made it vulnerable to foreign influence. Later, this region would be first conquered by Assyria (2 Kings 15:29), fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy (Isaiah 9:1).
Questions for Reflection
- What 'frontier' positions in your life require extra vigilance and courage?
- How can proximity to spiritual opposition strengthen rather than weaken your faith?
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Analysis & Commentary
And Kedesh, and Edrei, and En-hazor—Naphtali's city list concludes with northern settlements. Kedesh (not the Kedesh of refuge) means 'holy place.' Edrei ('strong') suggests a fortified town. En-hazor ('spring of Hazor') connected to the great Canaanite city Hazor, destroyed by Joshua (Joshua 11:10-11).
These northern cities faced constant pressure from Canaanite and later Aramean kingdoms. Naphtali's inheritance required vigilance and courage. Likewise, believers on the 'frontiers' of God's kingdom face greater spiritual warfare. The most exposed positions often require the strongest faith.