Habakkuk 3:4
And his brightness was as the light; he had horns coming out of his hand: and there was the hiding of his power.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
The theophany language echoes Deuteronomy 33:2 and Judges 5:4-5, connecting God's present action to His historical deliverances. For ancient Israel, remembering God's visible manifestations at Sinai and during the conquest provided assurance He would act again. The imagery would encourage exilic Jews: the God who appeared in blazing glory at Sinai hasn't abandoned His people. His power, though currently hidden, will be revealed in judgment against Babylon and deliverance for the remnant.
For Christians, this theophany anticipates Christ—the radiance of God's glory (Hebrews 1:3), the light of the world (John 8:12), whose transfiguration revealed divine glory (2 Peter 1:16-18), and who will return in blazing glory (2 Thessalonians 1:7-8). The hidden power will be fully revealed at the second coming.
Questions for Reflection
- How does the imagery of light and radiance help us understand God's holiness and glory?
- What does the paradox of revealed glory that still conceals greater power teach about the limits of human comprehension of God?
- How do Old Testament theophanies prepare for and point toward Christ as the ultimate revelation of God's glory?
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Analysis & Commentary
And his brightness was as the light; he had horns coming out of his hand: and there was the hiding of his power. Habakkuk's theophany continues with dazzling imagery. "His brightness was as the light" (וְנֹגַהּ כָּאוֹר תִּהְיֶה/venoghah ka'or tihyeh)—God's radiance blazes like sunlight, overwhelming in brilliance. This recalls Moses' encounter with God's glory (Exodus 33-34), the Sinai theophany (Exodus 19), and anticipates the Transfiguration (Matthew 17:2) and Christ's return in glory (Revelation 1:16).
"He had horns coming out of his hand" (קַרְנַיִם מִיָּדוֹ לוֹ/qarnayim miyadow lo)—קַרְנַיִם (qarnayim) means horns or rays of light. The image depicts beams of light radiating from His hands, symbolizing power. The horn was ancient symbol of strength (Deuteronomy 33:17, Psalm 89:17), here representing divine might manifested visibly.
"And there was the hiding of his power" (וְשָׁם חֶבְיוֹן עֻזֹּה/vesham chevyon uzzo)—paradoxically, even this overwhelming display conceals more than it reveals. What Habakkuk sees is merely the visible manifestation; God's full power remains hidden, too immense for human comprehension. If the revelation is this glorious, how much greater is the concealed reality? This humbles human pride and evokes worship.