Ezekiel 10:1

Authorized King James Version

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Then I looked, and, behold, in the firmament that was above the head of the cherubims there appeared over them as it were a sapphire stone, as the appearance of the likeness of a throne.

Original Language Analysis

נִרְאָ֖ה Then I looked H7200
נִרְאָ֖ה Then I looked
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 1 of 15
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
וְהִנֵּ֤ה H2009
וְהִנֵּ֤ה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 2 of 15
lo!
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 15
near, with or among; often in general, to
הָרָקִ֙יעַ֙ and behold in the firmament H7549
הָרָקִ֙יעַ֙ and behold in the firmament
Strong's: H7549
Word #: 4 of 15
properly, an expanse, i.e., the firmament or (apparently) visible arch of the sky
אֲשֶׁר֙ H834
אֲשֶׁר֙
Strong's: H834
Word #: 5 of 15
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 6 of 15
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
רֹ֣אשׁ that was above the head H7218
רֹ֣אשׁ that was above the head
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 7 of 15
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים of the cherubims H3742
הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים of the cherubims
Strong's: H3742
Word #: 8 of 15
a cherub or imaginary figure
כְּאֶ֣בֶן stone H68
כְּאֶ֣בֶן stone
Strong's: H68
Word #: 9 of 15
a stone
סַפִּ֔יר over them as it were a sapphire H5601
סַפִּ֔יר over them as it were a sapphire
Strong's: H5601
Word #: 10 of 15
a gem (perhaps used for scratching other substances), probably the sapphire
כְּמַרְאֵ֖ה as the appearance H4758
כְּמַרְאֵ֖ה as the appearance
Strong's: H4758
Word #: 11 of 15
a view (the act of seeing); also an appearance (the thing seen), whether (real) a shape (especially if handsome, comeliness; often plural the looks),
דְּמ֣וּת of the likeness H1823
דְּמ֣וּת of the likeness
Strong's: H1823
Word #: 12 of 15
resemblance; concretely, model, shape; adverbially, like
כִּסֵּ֑א of a throne H3678
כִּסֵּ֑א of a throne
Strong's: H3678
Word #: 13 of 15
properly, covered, i.e., a throne (as canopied)
נִרְאָ֖ה Then I looked H7200
נִרְאָ֖ה Then I looked
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 14 of 15
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ H5921
עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 15 of 15
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Analysis & Commentary

Ezekiel sees "the throne" above the cherubim, symbolizing God's sovereign rule over creation. The sapphire throne evokes Exodus 24:10 where Moses saw God's glory. The cherubim represent created order serving God's purposes; the throne above them emphasizes divine transcendence. No creature equals or rivals God—all exist to display His glory and execute His will. The Reformed emphasis on God's absolute sovereignty finds expression in this imagery: the throne governs all, and cherubim (the highest created beings) exist only to support and proclaim God's rule. This vision corrects anthropocentric theology that diminishes God's supreme authority.

Historical Context

This vision occurred in 592 BC, one year after Ezekiel's initial calling, as God revealed His glory departing from the corrupt Jerusalem temple. The cherubim imagery recalls the ark of the covenant where golden cherubim overshadowed the mercy seat (Exodus 25:18-22). Ancient Near Eastern iconography often depicted thrones supported by composite creatures, but Ezekiel's vision transcends pagan parallels by emphasizing Yahweh's unique holiness and mobility. Unlike static temple idols, God's throne-chariot moves where He wills, demonstrating His freedom from geographical limitation. The departing glory foreshadowed the temple's imminent destruction (586 BC).

Questions for Reflection

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