Esther 1:17

Authorized King James Version

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For this deed of the queen shall come abroad unto all women, so that they shall despise their husbands in their eyes, when it shall be reported, The king Ahasuerus commanded Vashti the queen to be brought in before him, but she came not.

Original Language Analysis

כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 1 of 21
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
יֵצֵ֤א shall come abroad H3318
יֵצֵ֤א shall come abroad
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 2 of 21
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
דְבַר For this deed H1697
דְבַר For this deed
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 3 of 21
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה of the queen H4436
הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה of the queen
Strong's: H4436
Word #: 4 of 21
a queen
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 5 of 21
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 6 of 21
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַנָּשִׁ֔ים unto all women H802
הַנָּשִׁ֔ים unto all women
Strong's: H802
Word #: 7 of 21
a woman
לְהַבְז֥וֹת so that they shall despise H959
לְהַבְז֥וֹת so that they shall despise
Strong's: H959
Word #: 8 of 21
to disesteem
בַּעְלֵיהֶ֖ן their husbands H1167
בַּעְלֵיהֶ֖ן their husbands
Strong's: H1167
Word #: 9 of 21
a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense)
בְּעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ן in their eyes H5869
בְּעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ן in their eyes
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 10 of 21
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
אָמַ֞ר commanded H559
אָמַ֞ר commanded
Strong's: H559
Word #: 11 of 21
to say (used with great latitude)
הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ The king H4428
הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ The king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 12 of 21
a king
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֡וֹשׁ Ahasuerus H325
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֡וֹשׁ Ahasuerus
Strong's: H325
Word #: 13 of 21
achashverosh (i.e., ahasuerus or artaxerxes, but in this case xerxes), the title (rather than name) of a persian king
אָמַ֞ר commanded H559
אָמַ֞ר commanded
Strong's: H559
Word #: 14 of 21
to say (used with great latitude)
בָֽאָה׃ him but she came H935
בָֽאָה׃ him but she came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 15 of 21
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 16 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
וַשְׁתִּ֧י Vashti H2060
וַשְׁתִּ֧י Vashti
Strong's: H2060
Word #: 17 of 21
vashti, the queen of xerxes
הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה of the queen H4436
הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה of the queen
Strong's: H4436
Word #: 18 of 21
a queen
לְפָנָ֖יו before H6440
לְפָנָ֖יו before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 19 of 21
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
וְלֹא H3808
וְלֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 20 of 21
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
בָֽאָה׃ him but she came H935
בָֽאָה׃ him but she came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 21 of 21
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

Analysis & Commentary

Feared contagion: 'For this deed of the queen shall come abroad unto all women, so that they shall despise their husbands in their eyes, when it shall be reported, The king Ahasuerus commanded Vashti the queen to be brought in before him, but she came not'. Memucan predicts Vashti's example will spread, causing widespread wifely disobedience. The fear that news of queen's successful resistance would inspire other women reveals insecurity about patriarchal control. This exaggerated concern provided political justification for severe punishment, though real motivation was protecting male authority. Ironically, this decision orchestrated by men fearful of losing control ultimately empowered Esther to save her people.

Historical Context

Ancient communication networks spread news throughout empires through merchants, official messengers, and travelers. The counselors' fear that Vashti's resistance would be widely known and imitated shows both the reality of ancient gossip networks and patriarchal anxiety. The logic—if the king's own wife can refuse with impunity, all wives will rebel—assumes obedience is maintained only through fear of punishment, not mutual respect or love. This reveals the coercive foundation of ancient patriarchy and explains the counselors' determination to make severe example of Vashti.

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