Amos 3:4

Authorized King James Version

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Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey? will a young lion cry out of his den, if he have taken nothing?

Original Language Analysis

הֲיִשְׁאַ֤ג roar H7580
הֲיִשְׁאַ֤ג roar
Strong's: H7580
Word #: 1 of 13
to rumble or moan
אַרְיֵה֙ Will a lion H738
אַרְיֵה֙ Will a lion
Strong's: H738
Word #: 2 of 13
a lion
בַּיַּ֔עַר in the forest H3293
בַּיַּ֔עַר in the forest
Strong's: H3293
Word #: 3 of 13
a copse of bushes; hence, a forest; hence, honey in the comb (as hived in trees)
וְטֶ֖רֶף when he hath no prey H2964
וְטֶ֖רֶף when he hath no prey
Strong's: H2964
Word #: 4 of 13
something torn, i.e., a fragment, e.g., a fresh leaf, prey, food
אֵ֣ין H369
אֵ֣ין
Strong's: H369
Word #: 5 of 13
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
ל֑וֹ H0
ל֑וֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 6 of 13
הֲיִתֵּ֨ן cry out H5414
הֲיִתֵּ֨ן cry out
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 7 of 13
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
כְּפִ֤יר will a young lion H3715
כְּפִ֤יר will a young lion
Strong's: H3715
Word #: 8 of 13
a village (as covered in by walls); also a young lion (perhaps as covered with a mane)
קוֹלוֹ֙ H6963
קוֹלוֹ֙
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 9 of 13
a voice or sound
מִמְּעֹ֣נָת֔וֹ of his den H4585
מִמְּעֹ֣נָת֔וֹ of his den
Strong's: H4585
Word #: 10 of 13
an abode, of god (the tabernacle or the temple), men (their home) or animals (their lair); hence, a retreat (asylum)
בִּלְתִּ֖י nothing H1115
בִּלְתִּ֖י nothing
Strong's: H1115
Word #: 11 of 13
properly, a failure of, i.e., (used only as a negative particle, usually with a prepositional prefix) not, except, without, unless, besides, because n
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 12 of 13
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
לָכָֽד׃ if he have taken H3920
לָכָֽד׃ if he have taken
Strong's: H3920
Word #: 13 of 13
to catch (in a net, trap or pit); generally, to capture or occupy; also to choose (by lot); figuratively, to cohere

Analysis & Commentary

Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey? (הֲיִשְׁאַג אַרְיֵה בַּיַּעַר וְטֶרֶף אֵין לוֹ)—The Hebrew yish'ag (roar) describes the lion's triumphant cry after seizing prey, not the hunting growl. Will a young lion cry out of his den, if he have taken nothing? (הֲיִתֵּן כְּפִיר קוֹלוֹ מִמְּעֹנָתוֹ בִּלְתִּי אִם־לָכַד)—The kephir (young lion) roars only after capture, not before.

This is the second in Amos's chain of seven rhetorical questions (vv. 3-6) establishing cause-and-effect logic. The lion roars because it has prey; the effect (roaring) proves the cause (captured victim). Applied to Israel: God's announced judgment (the roar) proves Israel's guilt (the prey). The nation cannot claim innocence when the Lion of Judah roars their condemnation. Amos himself is the roar—his prophetic message signals Israel has already been 'caught' in covenant violation, awaiting inevitable judgment.

Historical Context

Shepherds in 8th century Judea knew lion behavior intimately. Lions inhabited the Jordan Valley thickets and preyed on livestock. Amos, himself a shepherd from Tekoa (Amos 1:1), used this vivid imagery his audience understood: lions don't roar randomly but only after successful kills. The roar warns other predators and celebrates the catch.

Questions for Reflection