2 Samuel 19:42

Authorized King James Version

PDF

And all the men of Judah answered the men of Israel, Because the king is near of kin to us: wherefore then be ye angry for this matter? have we eaten at all of the king's cost? or hath he given us any gift?

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּעַן֩ answered H6030
וַיַּעַן֩ answered
Strong's: H6030
Word #: 1 of 26
properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 2 of 26
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אִ֣ישׁ And all the men H376
אִ֣ישׁ And all the men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 3 of 26
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
יְהוּדָ֜ה of Judah H3063
יְהוּדָ֜ה of Judah
Strong's: H3063
Word #: 4 of 26
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 5 of 26
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
אִ֣ישׁ And all the men H376
אִ֣ישׁ And all the men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 6 of 26
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 7 of 26
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 8 of 26
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
קָר֤וֹב is near of kin H7138
קָר֤וֹב is near of kin
Strong's: H7138
Word #: 9 of 26
near (in place, kindred or time)
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ Because the king H4428
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ Because the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 10 of 26
a king
אֵלַ֔י H413
אֵלַ֔י
Strong's: H413
Word #: 11 of 26
near, with or among; often in general, to
וְלָ֤מָּה H4100
וְלָ֤מָּה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 12 of 26
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
זֶּה֙ H2088
זֶּה֙
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 13 of 26
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
חָרָ֣ה to us wherefore then be ye angry H2734
חָרָ֣ה to us wherefore then be ye angry
Strong's: H2734
Word #: 14 of 26
to glow or grow warm; figuratively (usually) to blaze up, of anger, zeal, jealousy
לְךָ֔ H0
לְךָ֔
Strong's: H0
Word #: 15 of 26
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 16 of 26
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הַדָּבָ֖ר for this matter H1697
הַדָּבָ֖ר for this matter
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 17 of 26
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
הַזֶּ֑ה H2088
הַזֶּ֑ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 18 of 26
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
אָכַ֙לְנוּ֙ at all H398
אָכַ֙לְנוּ֙ at all
Strong's: H398
Word #: 19 of 26
to eat (literally or figuratively)
אָכַ֙לְנוּ֙ at all H398
אָכַ֙לְנוּ֙ at all
Strong's: H398
Word #: 20 of 26
to eat (literally or figuratively)
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 21 of 26
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ Because the king H4428
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ Because the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 22 of 26
a king
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 23 of 26
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
נִשֵּׂ֥את us any gift H5379
נִשֵּׂ֥את us any gift
Strong's: H5379
Word #: 24 of 26
something taken, i.e., a present
נִשָּׂ֖א cost or hath he given H5375
נִשָּׂ֖א cost or hath he given
Strong's: H5375
Word #: 25 of 26
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
לָֽנוּ׃ H0
לָֽנוּ׃
Strong's: H0
Word #: 26 of 26

Analysis & Commentary

And all the men of Judah answered the men of Israel, Because the king is near of kin to us: wherefore then be ye angry for this matter? have we eaten at all of the king's cost? or hath he given us any gift?

This verse contributes to the narrative of David's Return, emphasizing restoration, leadership wisdom. David's return to Jerusalem requires political wisdom as he navigates competing factions. His restoration of enemies (Shimei) and reward of supporters demonstrates leadership discernment. Theological themes include wise leadership during restoration, the complexity of post-crisis reconciliation, balancing justice and mercy, and the necessity of moving forward despite ongoing tensions.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 19 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding restoration, leadership wisdom provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources