2 Samuel 19:24

Authorized King James Version

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And Mephibosheth the son of Saul came down to meet the king, and had neither dressed his feet, nor trimmed his beard, nor washed his clothes, from the day the king departed until the day he came again in peace.

Original Language Analysis

וּמְפִבֹ֙שֶׁת֙ And Mephibosheth H4648
וּמְפִבֹ֙שֶׁת֙ And Mephibosheth
Strong's: H4648
Word #: 1 of 25
mephibosheth, the name of two israelites
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 2 of 25
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
שָׁא֔וּל of Saul H7586
שָׁא֔וּל of Saul
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 3 of 25
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
יָרַ֖ד came down H3381
יָרַ֖ד came down
Strong's: H3381
Word #: 4 of 25
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
לִקְרַ֣את to meet H7125
לִקְרַ֣את to meet
Strong's: H7125
Word #: 5 of 25
an encountering, accidental, friendly or hostile (also adverbially, opposite)
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ the king H4428
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 6 of 25
a king
לֹ֣א and had neither H3808
לֹ֣א and had neither
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 7 of 25
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
עָשָׂ֣ה dressed H6213
עָשָׂ֣ה dressed
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 8 of 25
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
רַגְלָ֜יו his feet H7272
רַגְלָ֜יו his feet
Strong's: H7272
Word #: 9 of 25
a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda
לֹ֣א and had neither H3808
לֹ֣א and had neither
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 10 of 25
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
עָשָׂ֣ה dressed H6213
עָשָׂ֣ה dressed
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 11 of 25
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
שְׂפָמ֗וֹ his beard H8222
שְׂפָמ֗וֹ his beard
Strong's: H8222
Word #: 12 of 25
the beard (as a lippiece)
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 13 of 25
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בְּגָדָיו֙ his clothes H899
בְּגָדָיו֙ his clothes
Strong's: H899
Word #: 14 of 25
a covering, i.e., clothing
לֹ֣א and had neither H3808
לֹ֣א and had neither
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 15 of 25
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
כִבֵּ֔ס nor washed H3526
כִבֵּ֔ס nor washed
Strong's: H3526
Word #: 16 of 25
to trample; hence, to wash (properly, by stamping with the feet), whether literal (including the fulling process) or figurative
לְמִן H4480
לְמִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 17 of 25
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַיּ֖וֹם from the day H3117
הַיּ֖וֹם from the day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 18 of 25
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
לֶ֣כֶת H1980
לֶ֣כֶת
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 19 of 25
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ the king H4428
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 20 of 25
a king
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 21 of 25
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
הַיּ֖וֹם from the day H3117
הַיּ֖וֹם from the day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 22 of 25
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 23 of 25
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בָּ֥א he came H935
בָּ֥א he came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 24 of 25
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
בְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ again in peace H7965
בְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ again in peace
Strong's: H7965
Word #: 25 of 25
safe, i.e., (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e., health, prosperity, peace

Analysis & Commentary

And Mephibosheth the son of Saul came down to meet the king, and had neither dressed his feet, nor trimmed his beard, nor washed his clothes, from the day the king departed until the day he came again in peace.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David's Return, emphasizing restoration, leadership wisdom. David's return to Jerusalem requires political wisdom as he navigates competing factions. His restoration of enemies (Shimei) and reward of supporters demonstrates leadership discernment. Theological themes include wise leadership during restoration, the complexity of post-crisis reconciliation, balancing justice and mercy, and the necessity of moving forward despite ongoing tensions.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 19 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding restoration, leadership wisdom provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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