2 Samuel 19:11

Authorized King James Version

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And king David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, saying, Speak unto the elders of Judah, saying, Why are ye the last to bring the king back to his house? seeing the speech of all Israel is come to the king, even to his house.

Original Language Analysis

הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ And king H4428
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ And king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 1 of 30
a king
דָּוִ֗ד David H1732
דָּוִ֗ד David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 2 of 30
david, the youngest son of jesse
שָׁ֠לַח sent H7971
שָׁ֠לַח sent
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 3 of 30
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 4 of 30
near, with or among; often in general, to
צָד֨וֹק to Zadok H6659
צָד֨וֹק to Zadok
Strong's: H6659
Word #: 5 of 30
tsadok, the name of eight or nine israelites
וְאֶל H413
וְאֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 6 of 30
near, with or among; often in general, to
אֶבְיָתָ֥ר and to Abiathar H54
אֶבְיָתָ֥ר and to Abiathar
Strong's: H54
Word #: 7 of 30
ebjathar, an israelite
הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֮ the priests H3548
הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֮ the priests
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 8 of 30
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
לֵאמֹ֔ר saying H559
לֵאמֹ֔ר saying
Strong's: H559
Word #: 9 of 30
to say (used with great latitude)
דַּבְּר֞וּ Speak H1696
דַּבְּר֞וּ Speak
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 10 of 30
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 11 of 30
near, with or among; often in general, to
זִקְנֵ֤י unto the elders H2205
זִקְנֵ֤י unto the elders
Strong's: H2205
Word #: 12 of 30
old
יְהוּדָה֙ of Judah H3063
יְהוּדָה֙ of Judah
Strong's: H3063
Word #: 13 of 30
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
לֵאמֹ֔ר saying H559
לֵאמֹ֔ר saying
Strong's: H559
Word #: 14 of 30
to say (used with great latitude)
לָ֤מָּה H4100
לָ֤מָּה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 15 of 30
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
תִֽהְיוּ֙ H1961
תִֽהְיוּ֙
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 16 of 30
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
אַֽחֲרֹנִ֔ים Why are ye the last H314
אַֽחֲרֹנִ֔ים Why are ye the last
Strong's: H314
Word #: 17 of 30
hinder; generally, late or last; specifically (as facing the east) western
לְהָשִׁ֥יב back H7725
לְהָשִׁ֥יב back
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 18 of 30
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 19 of 30
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ And king H4428
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ And king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 20 of 30
a king
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 21 of 30
near, with or among; often in general, to
בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ even to his house H1004
בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ even to his house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 22 of 30
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
וּדְבַר֙ seeing the speech H1697
וּדְבַר֙ seeing the speech
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 23 of 30
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 24 of 30
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל of all Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל of all Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 25 of 30
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
בָּ֥א is come H935
בָּ֥א is come
Strong's: H935
Word #: 26 of 30
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 27 of 30
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ And king H4428
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ And king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 28 of 30
a king
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 29 of 30
near, with or among; often in general, to
בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ even to his house H1004
בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ even to his house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 30 of 30
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

Analysis & Commentary

And king David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, saying, Speak unto the elders of Judah, saying, Why are ye the last to bring the king back to his house? seeing the speech of all Israel is come to the king, even to his house.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David's Return, emphasizing restoration, leadership wisdom. David's return to Jerusalem requires political wisdom as he navigates competing factions. His restoration of enemies (Shimei) and reward of supporters demonstrates leadership discernment. Theological themes include wise leadership during restoration, the complexity of post-crisis reconciliation, balancing justice and mercy, and the necessity of moving forward despite ongoing tensions.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 19 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding restoration, leadership wisdom provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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