2 Samuel 13:5

Authorized King James Version

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And Jonadab said unto him, Lay thee down on thy bed, and make thyself sick: and when thy father cometh to see thee, say unto him, I pray thee, let my sister Tamar come, and give me meat, and dress the meat in my sight, that I may see it, and eat it at her hand.

Original Language Analysis

וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֣ said H559
וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֣ said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 27
to say (used with great latitude)
לוֹ֙ H0
לוֹ֙
Strong's: H0
Word #: 2 of 27
יְה֣וֹנָדָ֔ב And Jonadab H3082
יְה֣וֹנָדָ֔ב And Jonadab
Strong's: H3082
Word #: 3 of 27
jehonadab, the name of an israelite and of an arab
שְׁכַ֥ב unto him Lay thee down H7901
שְׁכַ֥ב unto him Lay thee down
Strong's: H7901
Word #: 4 of 27
to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 5 of 27
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
מִשְׁכָּֽבְךָ֖ on thy bed H4904
מִשְׁכָּֽבְךָ֖ on thy bed
Strong's: H4904
Word #: 6 of 27
a bed (figuratively, a bier); abstractly, sleep; by euphemism, carnal intercourse
וְהִתְחָ֑ל and make thyself sick H2470
וְהִתְחָ֑ל and make thyself sick
Strong's: H2470
Word #: 7 of 27
properly, to be rubbed or worn; hence (figuratively) to stroke (in flattering), entreat
תָּ֣בֹא come H935
תָּ֣בֹא come
Strong's: H935
Word #: 8 of 27
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אָבִ֣יךָ and when thy father H1
אָבִ֣יךָ and when thy father
Strong's: H1
Word #: 9 of 27
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
אֶרְאֶ֔ה that I may see H7200
אֶרְאֶ֔ה that I may see
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 10 of 27
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֣ said H559
וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֣ said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 11 of 27
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵלָ֡יו H413
אֵלָ֡יו
Strong's: H413
Word #: 12 of 27
near, with or among; often in general, to
תָּ֣בֹא come H935
תָּ֣בֹא come
Strong's: H935
Word #: 13 of 27
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
נָא֩ H4994
נָא֩
Strong's: H4994
Word #: 14 of 27
'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
תָמָ֨ר Tamar H8559
תָמָ֨ר Tamar
Strong's: H8559
Word #: 15 of 27
tamar, the name of three women and a place
אֲחוֹתִ֜י unto him I pray thee let my sister H269
אֲחוֹתִ֜י unto him I pray thee let my sister
Strong's: H269
Word #: 16 of 27
a sister (used very widely [like h0251], literally and figuratively)
וְתַבְרֵ֣נִי and give H1262
וְתַבְרֵ֣נִי and give
Strong's: H1262
Word #: 17 of 27
to select; to feed; to render clear
לֶ֗חֶם me meat H3899
לֶ֗חֶם me meat
Strong's: H3899
Word #: 18 of 27
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
וְעָֽשְׂתָ֤ה and dress H6213
וְעָֽשְׂתָ֤ה and dress
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 19 of 27
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
לְעֵינַי֙ in my sight H5869
לְעֵינַי֙ in my sight
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 20 of 27
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 21 of 27
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַבִּרְיָ֔ה the meat H1279
הַבִּרְיָ֔ה the meat
Strong's: H1279
Word #: 22 of 27
food
לְמַ֙עַן֙ H4616
לְמַ֙עַן֙
Strong's: H4616
Word #: 23 of 27
properly, heed, i.e., purpose; used only adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim), teleologically, in order that
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 24 of 27
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אֶרְאֶ֔ה that I may see H7200
אֶרְאֶ֔ה that I may see
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 25 of 27
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
וְאָֽכַלְתִּ֖י it and eat H398
וְאָֽכַלְתִּ֖י it and eat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 26 of 27
to eat (literally or figuratively)
מִיָּדָֽהּ׃ it at her hand H3027
מִיָּדָֽהּ׃ it at her hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 27 of 27
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

Analysis & Commentary

And Jonadab said unto him, Lay thee down on thy bed, and make thyself sick: and when thy father cometh to see thee, say unto him, I pray thee, let my sister Tamar come, and give me meat, and dress the meat in my sight, that I may see it, and eat it at her hand.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Amnon and Tamar, emphasizing unresolved sin, family breakdown. Amnon's rape of Tamar and Absalom's revenge illustrate how unresolved sin metastasizes into family-wide dysfunction. David's failure to discipline Amnon (possibly from guilt over his own sexual sin) enabled further tragedy. Hebrew terminology emphasizes Tamar's desolation and Absalom's calculated hatred. The narrative demonstrates intergenerational sin consequences and the necessity of proper justice administration.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 13 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding unresolved sin, family breakdown provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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