2 Kings 8:21

Authorized King James Version

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So Joram went over to Zair, and all the chariots with him: and he rose by night, and smote the Edomites which compassed him about, and the captains of the chariots: and the people fled into their tents.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּֽעֲבֹ֤ר went over H5674
וַיַּֽעֲבֹ֤ר went over
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 1 of 21
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
יוֹרָם֙ So Joram H3141
יוֹרָם֙ So Joram
Strong's: H3141
Word #: 2 of 21
joram, the name of three israelites and one syrian
צָעִ֔ירָה to Zair H6811
צָעִ֔ירָה to Zair
Strong's: H6811
Word #: 3 of 21
tsair, a place in idumaea
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 4 of 21
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָרֶ֔כֶב and all the chariots H7393
הָרֶ֔כֶב and all the chariots
Strong's: H7393
Word #: 5 of 21
a vehicle; by implication, a team; by extension, cavalry; by analogy a rider, i.e., the upper millstone
עִמּ֑וֹ H5973
עִמּ֑וֹ
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 6 of 21
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
וַֽיְהִי H1961
וַֽיְהִי
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 7 of 21
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
ה֞וּא H1931
ה֞וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 8 of 21
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
קָ֣ם with him and he rose H6965
קָ֣ם with him and he rose
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 9 of 21
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
לַ֗יְלָה by night H3915
לַ֗יְלָה by night
Strong's: H3915
Word #: 10 of 21
properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity
וַיַּכֶּ֨ה and smote H5221
וַיַּכֶּ֨ה and smote
Strong's: H5221
Word #: 11 of 21
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 12 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֱד֜וֹם the Edomites H123
אֱד֜וֹם the Edomites
Strong's: H123
Word #: 13 of 21
edom, the elder twin-brother of jacob; hence the region (idumaea) occupied by him
הַסֹּבֵ֤יב which compassed him about H5437
הַסֹּבֵ֤יב which compassed him about
Strong's: H5437
Word #: 14 of 21
to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively
אֵלָיו֙ H413
אֵלָיו֙
Strong's: H413
Word #: 15 of 21
near, with or among; often in general, to
וְאֵת֙ H853
וְאֵת֙
Strong's: H853
Word #: 16 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
שָׂרֵ֣י and the captains H8269
שָׂרֵ֣י and the captains
Strong's: H8269
Word #: 17 of 21
a head person (of any rank or class)
הָרֶ֔כֶב and all the chariots H7393
הָרֶ֔כֶב and all the chariots
Strong's: H7393
Word #: 18 of 21
a vehicle; by implication, a team; by extension, cavalry; by analogy a rider, i.e., the upper millstone
וַיָּ֥נָס fled H5127
וַיָּ֥נָס fled
Strong's: H5127
Word #: 19 of 21
to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)
הָעָ֖ם and the people H5971
הָעָ֖ם and the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 20 of 21
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
לְאֹֽהָלָֽיו׃ into their tents H168
לְאֹֽהָלָֽיו׃ into their tents
Strong's: H168
Word #: 21 of 21
a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)

Analysis & Commentary

So Joram went over to Zair, and all the chariots with him: and he rose by night, and smote the Edomites which compassed him about, and the captains of the chariots: and the people fled into their tents.

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 8: Prophetic word shapes national events. The prophetic ministry served as God's primary means of covenant enforcement, calling both kings and people to faithfulness. During this period, Israel and Judah struggled with persistent idolatry, particularly Baal worship introduced under Ahab and Jezebel.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

Historical Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 8 takes place during the Elisha prophetic ministry, approximately 850-800 BCE. The chapter's theme (Elisha's International Influence) reflects the historical reality of God's compassionate provision through prophetic miracles while both kingdoms struggled with persistent idolatry. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

Questions for Reflection

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