2 Kings 17:4

Authorized King James Version

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And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea: for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and brought no present to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year: therefore the king of Assyria shut him up, and bound him in prison.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּמְצָא֩ found H4672
וַיִּמְצָא֩ found
Strong's: H4672
Word #: 1 of 25
properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present
מֶ֣לֶךְ And the king H4428
מֶ֣לֶךְ And the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 2 of 25
a king
אַשּׁ֔וּר of Assyria H804
אַשּׁ֔וּר of Assyria
Strong's: H804
Word #: 3 of 25
ashshur, the second son of shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e., assyria), its region and its empire
בְּהוֹשֵׁ֜עַ in Hoshea H1954
בְּהוֹשֵׁ֜עַ in Hoshea
Strong's: H1954
Word #: 4 of 25
hoshea, the name of five israelites
קֶ֗שֶׁר conspiracy H7195
קֶ֗שֶׁר conspiracy
Strong's: H7195
Word #: 5 of 25
an (unlawful) alliance
אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 6 of 25
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
שָׁלַ֤ח for he had sent H7971
שָׁלַ֤ח for he had sent
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 7 of 25
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
מַלְאָכִים֙ messengers H4397
מַלְאָכִים֙ messengers
Strong's: H4397
Word #: 8 of 25
a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 9 of 25
near, with or among; often in general, to
ס֣וֹא to So H5471
ס֣וֹא to So
Strong's: H5471
Word #: 10 of 25
so, an egyptian king
מֶ֣לֶךְ And the king H4428
מֶ֣לֶךְ And the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 11 of 25
a king
מִצְרַ֔יִם of Egypt H4714
מִצְרַ֔יִם of Egypt
Strong's: H4714
Word #: 12 of 25
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt
וְלֹֽא H3808
וְלֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 13 of 25
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
הֶעֱלָ֥ה and brought H5927
הֶעֱלָ֥ה and brought
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 14 of 25
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
מִנְחָ֛ה no present H4503
מִנְחָ֛ה no present
Strong's: H4503
Word #: 15 of 25
a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually bloodless and voluntary)
מֶ֣לֶךְ And the king H4428
מֶ֣לֶךְ And the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 16 of 25
a king
אַשּׁ֔וּר of Assyria H804
אַשּׁ֔וּר of Assyria
Strong's: H804
Word #: 17 of 25
ashshur, the second son of shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e., assyria), its region and its empire
בְשָׁנָ֑ה as he had done year H8141
בְשָׁנָ֑ה as he had done year
Strong's: H8141
Word #: 18 of 25
a year (as a revolution of time)
בְשָׁנָ֑ה as he had done year H8141
בְשָׁנָ֑ה as he had done year
Strong's: H8141
Word #: 19 of 25
a year (as a revolution of time)
וַֽיַּעַצְרֵ֙הוּ֙ shut him up H6113
וַֽיַּעַצְרֵ֙הוּ֙ shut him up
Strong's: H6113
Word #: 20 of 25
to inclose; by analogy, to hold back; also to maintain, rule, assemble
מֶ֣לֶךְ And the king H4428
מֶ֣לֶךְ And the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 21 of 25
a king
אַשּׁ֔וּר of Assyria H804
אַשּׁ֔וּר of Assyria
Strong's: H804
Word #: 22 of 25
ashshur, the second son of shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e., assyria), its region and its empire
וַיַּֽאַסְרֵ֖הוּ and bound H631
וַיַּֽאַסְרֵ֖הוּ and bound
Strong's: H631
Word #: 23 of 25
to yoke or hitch; by analogy, to fasten in any sense, to join battle
בֵּ֥ית him in prison H1004
בֵּ֥ית him in prison
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 24 of 25
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
כֶּֽלֶא׃ H3608
כֶּֽלֶא׃
Strong's: H3608
Word #: 25 of 25
a prison

Analysis & Commentary

And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea: for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and brought no present to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year: therefore the king of Assyria shut him up, and bound him in prison.

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 17: Covenant judgment and exile. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subordinate to God's ultimate kingship. This passage occurs during the decline toward Israel's exile, demonstrating how persistent covenant unfaithfulness leads to national disaster.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

Historical Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 17 takes place during the declining years of the northern kingdom, 8th century BCE, culminating in exile in 722 BCE. The chapter's theme (Fall of the Northern Kingdom) reflects the historical reality of the fulfillment of prophetic warnings as the northern kingdom fell to Assyria due to persistent covenant unfaithfulness. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

Questions for Reflection

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