2 Kings 13:19

Authorized King James Version

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And the man of God was wroth with him, and said, Thou shouldest have smitten five or six times; then hadst thou smitten Syria till thou hadst consumed it: whereas now thou shalt smite Syria but thrice.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּקְצֹ֨ף was wroth H7107
וַיִּקְצֹ֨ף was wroth
Strong's: H7107
Word #: 1 of 22
to crack off, i.e., (figuratively) burst out in rage
עָלָ֜יו H5921
עָלָ֜יו
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 2 of 22
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
אִ֣ישׁ And the man H376
אִ֣ישׁ And the man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 3 of 22
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֗ים of God H430
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֗ים of God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 4 of 22
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ with him and said H559
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ with him and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 5 of 22
to say (used with great latitude)
תַּכֶּ֥ה Thou shouldest have smitten H5221
תַּכֶּ֥ה Thou shouldest have smitten
Strong's: H5221
Word #: 6 of 22
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
חָמֵ֤שׁ five H2568
חָמֵ֤שׁ five
Strong's: H2568
Word #: 7 of 22
five
אוֹ H176
אוֹ
Strong's: H176
Word #: 8 of 22
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
שֵׁשׁ֙ or six H8337
שֵׁשׁ֙ or six
Strong's: H8337
Word #: 9 of 22
six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ordinal, sixth
פְּעָמִ֖ים times H6471
פְּעָמִ֖ים times
Strong's: H6471
Word #: 10 of 22
a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)
אָ֛ז H227
אָ֛ז
Strong's: H227
Word #: 11 of 22
at that time or place; also as a conjunction, therefore
תַּכֶּ֥ה Thou shouldest have smitten H5221
תַּכֶּ֥ה Thou shouldest have smitten
Strong's: H5221
Word #: 12 of 22
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 13 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֲרָֽם׃ Syria H758
אֲרָֽם׃ Syria
Strong's: H758
Word #: 14 of 22
aram or syria, and its inhabitants; also the name of the son of shem, a grandson of nahor, and of an israelite
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 15 of 22
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
כַּלֵּ֑ה till thou hadst consumed H3615
כַּלֵּ֑ה till thou hadst consumed
Strong's: H3615
Word #: 16 of 22
to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitive (to complete, prepare, consume)
וְעַתָּ֕ה H6258
וְעַתָּ֕ה
Strong's: H6258
Word #: 17 of 22
at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
שָׁלֹ֥שׁ but thrice H7969
שָׁלֹ֥שׁ but thrice
Strong's: H7969
Word #: 18 of 22
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
פְּעָמִ֖ים times H6471
פְּעָמִ֖ים times
Strong's: H6471
Word #: 19 of 22
a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)
תַּכֶּ֥ה Thou shouldest have smitten H5221
תַּכֶּ֥ה Thou shouldest have smitten
Strong's: H5221
Word #: 20 of 22
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 21 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֲרָֽם׃ Syria H758
אֲרָֽם׃ Syria
Strong's: H758
Word #: 22 of 22
aram or syria, and its inhabitants; also the name of the son of shem, a grandson of nahor, and of an israelite

Analysis & Commentary

And the man of God was wroth with him, and said, Thou shouldest have smitten five or six times; then hadst thou smitten Syria till thou hadst consumed it: whereas now thou shalt smite Syria but thrice.

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 13: God's patience with recurring apostasy. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's covenant relationship with Israel and His sovereign control over historical events. The prophetic ministry served as God's primary means of covenant enforcement, calling both kings and people to faithfulness. This passage occurs during the decline toward Israel's exile, demonstrating how persistent covenant unfaithfulness leads to national disaster.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

Historical Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 13 takes place during the declining years of the northern kingdom, 8th century BCE, culminating in exile in 722 BCE. The chapter's theme (Decline of Israel and Judah) reflects the historical reality of progressive political instability and external threats, particularly from Aram (Syria) and later Assyria. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

Questions for Reflection

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