1 Samuel 6:10

Authorized King James Version

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And the men did so; and took two milch kine, and tied them to the cart, and shut up their calves at home:

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֤וּ did so H6213
וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֤וּ did so
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 1 of 13
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ H376
הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙
Strong's: H376
Word #: 2 of 13
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
כֵּ֔ן H3651
כֵּ֔ן
Strong's: H3651
Word #: 3 of 13
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
וַיִּקְח֗וּ and took H3947
וַיִּקְח֗וּ and took
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 4 of 13
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
שְׁתֵּ֤י two H8147
שְׁתֵּ֤י two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 5 of 13
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
פָרוֹת֙ kine H6510
פָרוֹת֙ kine
Strong's: H6510
Word #: 6 of 13
a heifer
עָל֔וֹת milch H5763
עָל֔וֹת milch
Strong's: H5763
Word #: 7 of 13
to suckle, i.e., give milk
וַיַּֽאַסְר֖וּם and tied H631
וַיַּֽאַסְר֖וּם and tied
Strong's: H631
Word #: 8 of 13
to yoke or hitch; by analogy, to fasten in any sense, to join battle
בָּֽעֲגָלָ֑ה them to the cart H5699
בָּֽעֲגָלָ֑ה them to the cart
Strong's: H5699
Word #: 9 of 13
something revolving, i.e., a wheeled vehicle
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 10 of 13
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בְּנֵיהֶ֖ם their calves H1121
בְּנֵיהֶ֖ם their calves
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 11 of 13
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
כָּל֥וּ and shut up H3607
כָּל֥וּ and shut up
Strong's: H3607
Word #: 12 of 13
to restrict, by act (hold back or in) or word (prohibit)
בַבָּֽיִת׃ at home H1004
בַבָּֽיִת׃ at home
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 13 of 13
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

Analysis & Commentary

And the men did so; and took two milch kine, and tied them to the cart, and shut up their calves at home:

The Ark narrative reveals that God's presence cannot be manipulated through religious symbols or ritualistic practices. Israel's superstitious use of the Ark as a magical talisman demonstrated fundamental misunderstanding of covenant relationship. The Ark's capture and Israel's defeat prove that external religious forms without heart transformation provide no protection from judgment. Yet even in captivity, the Ark demonstrates Yahweh's supremacy—Dagon falls, plagues strike, and the Philistines recognize a power they cannot control or domesticate.

Historical Context

The Philistines, part of the 'Sea Peoples' who settled the coastal plain around 1200 BCE, possessed superior iron technology and organized military forces. Their pentapolis (five major cities: Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath) controlled coastal trade routes and threatened Israelite settlements in the hill country. The Philistine threat created the political pressure that would eventually lead to Israel's demand for centralized monarchy.

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