1 Samuel 25:40

Authorized King James Version

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And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spake unto her, saying, David sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ were come H935
וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ were come
Strong's: H935
Word #: 1 of 15
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
עַבְדֵ֥י And when the servants H5650
עַבְדֵ֥י And when the servants
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 2 of 15
a servant
דָּוִד֙ David H1732
דָּוִד֙ David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 3 of 15
david, the youngest son of jesse
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 4 of 15
near, with or among; often in general, to
אֲבִיגַ֖יִל to Abigail H26
אֲבִיגַ֖יִל to Abigail
Strong's: H26
Word #: 5 of 15
abigail or abigal, the name of two israelitesses
הַכַּרְמֶ֑לָה to Carmel H3760
הַכַּרְמֶ֑לָה to Carmel
Strong's: H3760
Word #: 6 of 15
karmel, the name of a hill and of a town in palestine
וַיְדַבְּר֤וּ they spake H1696
וַיְדַבְּר֤וּ they spake
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 7 of 15
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ H413
אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙
Strong's: H413
Word #: 8 of 15
near, with or among; often in general, to
לֵאמֹ֔ר unto her saying H559
לֵאמֹ֔ר unto her saying
Strong's: H559
Word #: 9 of 15
to say (used with great latitude)
דָּוִד֙ David H1732
דָּוִד֙ David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 10 of 15
david, the youngest son of jesse
שְׁלָחָ֣נוּ sent H7971
שְׁלָחָ֣נוּ sent
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 11 of 15
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
אֵלַ֔יִךְ H413
אֵלַ֔יִךְ
Strong's: H413
Word #: 12 of 15
near, with or among; often in general, to
לְקַחְתֵּ֥ךְ us unto thee to take H3947
לְקַחְתֵּ֥ךְ us unto thee to take
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 13 of 15
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
ל֖וֹ H0
ל֖וֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 14 of 15
לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ thee to him to wife H802
לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ thee to him to wife
Strong's: H802
Word #: 15 of 15
a woman

Analysis & Commentary

And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spake unto her, saying, David sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.

David follows proper protocol in his proposal. Sending servants ('avadim') rather than coming personally respected propriety and allowed Abigail time to consider. The delegation's message is direct: 'to take thee to him to wife' (leqachetek lo le'ishah). The location at Carmel returns the narrative to where it began—Nabal's prosperous estate now becomes the site of Abigail's transition to David's household. David's use of formal intermediaries demonstrates that his appreciation of Abigail included proper respect for social conventions. Even amid wilderness fugitive life, David maintained honorable conduct in marriage arrangements.

Historical Context

Marriage proposals through intermediaries was standard ancient Near Eastern practice. The formal delegation to Abigail at her own location allowed her dignified response. Carmel, site of Nabal's shearing feast, now witnessed a more significant event.

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