1 Samuel 23:1

Authorized King James Version

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Then they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines fight against Keilah, and they rob the threshingfloors.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּגִּ֥דוּ Then they told H5046
וַיַּגִּ֥דוּ Then they told
Strong's: H5046
Word #: 1 of 11
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
לְדָוִ֖ד David H1732
לְדָוִ֖ד David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 2 of 11
david, the youngest son of jesse
לֵאמֹ֑ר saying H559
לֵאמֹ֑ר saying
Strong's: H559
Word #: 3 of 11
to say (used with great latitude)
הִנֵּ֤ה H2009
הִנֵּ֤ה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 4 of 11
lo!
פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ Behold the Philistines H6430
פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ Behold the Philistines
Strong's: H6430
Word #: 5 of 11
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
נִלְחָמִ֣ים fight H3898
נִלְחָמִ֣ים fight
Strong's: H3898
Word #: 6 of 11
to feed on; figuratively, to consume
בִּקְעִילָ֔ה against Keilah H7084
בִּקְעִילָ֔ה against Keilah
Strong's: H7084
Word #: 7 of 11
keilah, a place in palestine
וְהֵ֖מָּה H1992
וְהֵ֖מָּה
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 8 of 11
they (only used when emphatic)
שֹׁסִ֥ים and they rob H8154
שֹׁסִ֥ים and they rob
Strong's: H8154
Word #: 9 of 11
to plunder
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 10 of 11
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַגֳּרָנֽוֹת׃ the threshingfloors H1637
הַגֳּרָנֽוֹת׃ the threshingfloors
Strong's: H1637
Word #: 11 of 11
a threshing-floor (as made even); by analogy, any open area

Analysis & Commentary

Then they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines fight against Keilah, and they rob the threshingfloors.

David receives intelligence about Philistine aggression while himself a fugitive from Saul. The Hebrew 'shosei' (robbing/plundering) describes the theft of harvested grain—an economic assault on Judean farmers. Keilah, a fortified town in the Shephelah, lay vulnerable to Philistine raids. The threshing floors represented the community's annual food supply; their plunder meant starvation. Despite being hunted by Israel's king, David's concern extends to Israel's welfare. This report initiates a pattern: the outlaw shows more care for Israel than the king. David's response to this crisis reveals character—true leadership seeks the good of others even amid personal suffering.

Historical Context

Keilah was located in the lowlands (Shephelah) between the hill country and Philistine territory. Threshing floors were typically located outside town walls for wind access, making them vulnerable to raids. Philistine expansion constantly threatened these border communities.

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