1 Samuel 22:21

Authorized King James Version

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And Abiathar shewed David that Saul had slain the LORD'S priests.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּגֵּ֥ד shewed H5046
וַיַּגֵּ֥ד shewed
Strong's: H5046
Word #: 1 of 9
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
אֶבְיָתָ֖ר And Abiathar H54
אֶבְיָתָ֖ר And Abiathar
Strong's: H54
Word #: 2 of 9
ebjathar, an israelite
לְדָוִ֑ד David H1732
לְדָוִ֑ד David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 3 of 9
david, the youngest son of jesse
כִּ֚י H3588
כִּ֚י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 4 of 9
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
הָרַ֣ג had slain H2026
הָרַ֣ג had slain
Strong's: H2026
Word #: 5 of 9
to smite with deadly intent
שָׁא֔וּל that Saul H7586
שָׁא֔וּל that Saul
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 6 of 9
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
אֵ֖ת H853
אֵ֖ת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 7 of 9
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כֹּֽהֲנֵ֥י priests H3548
כֹּֽהֲנֵ֥י priests
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 8 of 9
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
יְהוָֽה׃ the LORD'S H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ the LORD'S
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 9 of 9
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis & Commentary

And Abiathar shewed David that Saul had slain the LORD'S priests.

Abiathar's report brings devastating news to David. The Hebrew 'vayagged' (showed/reported) conveys more than mere telling—it revealed the full horror of the massacre. The designation 'LORD's priests' emphasizes the sacrilege: these were not merely men but God's consecrated servants. David now learned the catastrophic consequences of his deception at Nob. The information connected cause and effect across the narrative: David's lie (21:2), Doeg's presence (21:7), and now this slaughter. The report forced David to confront how his survival tactics had contributed to innocent deaths—a weight he would carry as a man who understood that his sins had consequences beyond himself.

Historical Context

Abiathar's role as sole witness to the massacre made him invaluable for David's understanding of events. His report would have included details about Doeg's role, Saul's accusations, and the soldiers' initial refusal—information crucial for the historical record.

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