1 Samuel 21:14

Authorized King James Version

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Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: wherefore then have ye brought him to me?

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר Then said H559
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר Then said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 12
to say (used with great latitude)
אָכִ֖ישׁ Achish H397
אָכִ֖ישׁ Achish
Strong's: H397
Word #: 2 of 12
akish, a philistine king
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 12
near, with or among; often in general, to
עֲבָדָ֑יו unto his servants H5650
עֲבָדָ֑יו unto his servants
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 4 of 12
a servant
הִנֵּ֤ה H2009
הִנֵּ֤ה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 5 of 12
lo!
תִרְאוּ֙ Lo ye see H7200
תִרְאוּ֙ Lo ye see
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 6 of 12
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
אִ֣ישׁ the man H376
אִ֣ישׁ the man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 7 of 12
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
מִשְׁתַּגֵּ֔עַ is mad H7696
מִשְׁתַּגֵּ֔עַ is mad
Strong's: H7696
Word #: 8 of 12
to rave through insanity
לָ֛מָּה H4100
לָ֛מָּה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 9 of 12
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
תָּבִ֥יאוּ wherefore then have ye brought H935
תָּבִ֥יאוּ wherefore then have ye brought
Strong's: H935
Word #: 10 of 12
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֹת֖וֹ H853
אֹת֖וֹ
Strong's: H853
Word #: 11 of 12
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֵלָֽי׃ H413
אֵלָֽי׃
Strong's: H413
Word #: 12 of 12
near, with or among; often in general, to

Analysis & Commentary

Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: wherefore then have ye brought him to me?

Achish's response indicates David's ruse succeeded. The Hebrew 'hinneh' (behold/lo) introduces his observation with dramatic emphasis. His irritated question to the servants deflects responsibility for David's presence onto them. The king's annoyance reveals he considered dealing with a madman beneath his dignity. Ancient kings surrounded themselves with skilled advisors and warriors, not deranged individuals. God used the cultural assumptions about madness to deliver David from certain death. This demonstrates divine providence working through human customs and beliefs to accomplish His purposes—even when His servant's methods are questionable.

Historical Context

Philistine kings (seranim) maintained courts similar to other ancient Near Eastern monarchs. Bringing a seemingly mad person before the king wasted royal time and risked supernatural contamination of the court.

Questions for Reflection

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