1 Samuel 20:39

Authorized King James Version

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But the lad knew not any thing: only Jonathan and David knew the matter.

Original Language Analysis

וְהַנַּ֖עַר But the lad H5288
וְהַנַּ֖עַר But the lad
Strong's: H5288
Word #: 1 of 10
(concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latit
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 2 of 10
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יָֽדְע֖וּ knew H3045
יָֽדְע֖וּ knew
Strong's: H3045
Word #: 3 of 10
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
מְא֑וּמָה not any thing H3972
מְא֑וּמָה not any thing
Strong's: H3972
Word #: 4 of 10
properly, a speck or point, i.e., (by implication) something; with negative, nothing
אַ֤ךְ H389
אַ֤ךְ
Strong's: H389
Word #: 5 of 10
a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only
יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ only Jonathan H3083
יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ only Jonathan
Strong's: H3083
Word #: 6 of 10
jehonathan, the name of four israelites
וְדָוִ֔ד and David H1732
וְדָוִ֔ד and David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 7 of 10
david, the youngest son of jesse
יָֽדְע֖וּ knew H3045
יָֽדְע֖וּ knew
Strong's: H3045
Word #: 8 of 10
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 9 of 10
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַדָּבָֽר׃ the matter H1697
הַדָּבָֽר׃ the matter
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 10 of 10
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

Analysis & Commentary

But the lad knew not any thing: only Jonathan and David knew the matter.

The narrator's observation - 'the lad knew not any thing' - emphasizes the secrecy's success. Two friends shared knowledge that affected kingdoms while a boy simply retrieved arrows. The phrase 'only Jonathan and David knew the matter' highlights their intimate bond; in a world of intrigue and danger, they alone understood. Such shared secrets deepen friendship. The boy's innocence protected him; what he did not know could not be extracted. Sometimes protecting others means keeping them ignorant of burdens they cannot bear.

Historical Context

Protecting servants from dangerous knowledge was both kind and prudent. Tortured servants could not reveal what they did not know. The exclusive knowledge between Jonathan and David intensified their covenantal bond.

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