1 Samuel 15:19

Authorized King James Version

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Wherefore then didst thou not obey the voice of the LORD, but didst fly upon the spoil, and didst evil in the sight of the LORD?

Original Language Analysis

וְלָ֥מָּה H4100
וְלָ֥מָּה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 1 of 12
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 2 of 12
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ Wherefore then didst thou not obey H8085
שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ Wherefore then didst thou not obey
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 3 of 12
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
בְּק֣וֹל the voice H6963
בְּק֣וֹל the voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 4 of 12
a voice or sound
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 5 of 12
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וַתַּ֙עַט֙ but didst fly H5860
וַתַּ֙עַט֙ but didst fly
Strong's: H5860
Word #: 6 of 12
to swoop down upon (literally or figuratively)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 7 of 12
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַשָּׁלָ֔ל upon the spoil H7998
הַשָּׁלָ֔ל upon the spoil
Strong's: H7998
Word #: 8 of 12
booty
וַתַּ֥עַשׂ and didst H6213
וַתַּ֥עַשׂ and didst
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 9 of 12
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
הָרַ֖ע evil H7451
הָרַ֖ע evil
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 10 of 12
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
בְּעֵינֵ֥י in the sight H5869
בְּעֵינֵ֥י in the sight
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 11 of 12
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 12 of 12
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis & Commentary

Wherefore then didst thou not obey the voice of the LORD, but didst fly upon the spoil, and didst evil in the sight of the LORD?

Samuel's accusation intensifies: 'Wherefore then didst thou not obey the voice of the LORD, but didst fly upon the spoil?' The verb 'fly' (ya'at) pictures ravenous greed - the same word used for the people's desperate eating in 14:32. Samuel characterizes Saul's keeping of livestock as greedy seizure, not pious intention. The concluding verdict - 'and didst evil in the sight of the LORD' - is comprehensive judgment. What Saul spiritualized as sacrifice, God sees as evil. Intent does not sanctify disobedient action.

Historical Context

The phrase 'evil in the sight of the LORD' is a recurring formula for covenant violation (Judges 2:11; 3:7, 12; etc.). Samuel applies to Saul the same language used for Israel's repeated apostasy during the judges period. The king has become like his disobedient people.

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