1 Samuel 14:14

Authorized King James Version

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And that first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armourbearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were an half acre of land, which a yoke of oxen might plow.

Original Language Analysis

וַתְּהִ֞י H1961
וַתְּהִ֞י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 14
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
הַמַּכָּ֣ה slaughter H4347
הַמַּכָּ֣ה slaughter
Strong's: H4347
Word #: 2 of 14
a blow (in 2 chronicles 2:10, of the flail); by implication, a wound; figuratively, carnage, also pestilence
הָרִֽאשֹׁנָ֗ה And that first H7223
הָרִֽאשֹׁנָ֗ה And that first
Strong's: H7223
Word #: 3 of 14
first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 4 of 14
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
הִכָּ֧ה made H5221
הִכָּ֧ה made
Strong's: H5221
Word #: 5 of 14
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
יֽוֹנָתָ֛ן which Jonathan H3129
יֽוֹנָתָ֛ן which Jonathan
Strong's: H3129
Word #: 6 of 14
jonathan, the name of ten israelites
וְנֹשֵׂ֥א and his armourbearer H5375
וְנֹשֵׂ֥א and his armourbearer
Strong's: H5375
Word #: 7 of 14
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
כֵלָ֖יו H3627
כֵלָ֖יו
Strong's: H3627
Word #: 8 of 14
something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)
כְּעֶשְׂרִ֣ים was about twenty H6242
כְּעֶשְׂרִ֣ים was about twenty
Strong's: H6242
Word #: 9 of 14
twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth
אִ֑ישׁ men H376
אִ֑ישׁ men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 10 of 14
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
כְּבַֽחֲצִ֥י within as it were an half H2677
כְּבַֽחֲצִ֥י within as it were an half
Strong's: H2677
Word #: 11 of 14
the half or middle
מַֽעֲנָ֖ה acre H4618
מַֽעֲנָ֖ה acre
Strong's: H4618
Word #: 12 of 14
a furrow
צֶ֥מֶד which a yoke H6776
צֶ֥מֶד which a yoke
Strong's: H6776
Word #: 13 of 14
a yoke or team (i.e., pair); hence, an acre (i.e., day's task for a yoke of cattle to plough)
שָׂדֶֽה׃ of land H7704
שָׂדֶֽה׃ of land
Strong's: H7704
Word #: 14 of 14
a field (as flat)

Analysis & Commentary

And that first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armourbearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were an half acre of land, which a yoke of oxen might plow.

The 'first slaughter' killed 'about twenty men, within as it were an half acre of land.' This initial victory, achieved by two men against an entrenched garrison, triggers the larger divine intervention that follows. The specific measurement - half an acre, the amount one yoke of oxen could plow in a day - gives concrete dimension to the triumph. Twenty enemy soldiers fall in a furrow's length. God uses small beginnings to accomplish great deliverances; Jonathan's faith venture initiates national salvation.

Historical Context

The measurement 'half acre of land, which a yoke of oxen might plow' used familiar agricultural terminology to describe the combat zone. This small area of intense fighting produced casualties that triggered panic throughout the Philistine camp.

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