1 Samuel 1:21

Authorized King James Version

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And the man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer unto the LORD the yearly sacrifice, and his vow.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּ֛עַל went up H5927
וַיַּ֛עַל went up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 1 of 12
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
הָאִ֥ישׁ And the man H376
הָאִ֥ישׁ And the man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 2 of 12
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
אֶלְקָנָ֖ה Elkanah H511
אֶלְקָנָ֖ה Elkanah
Strong's: H511
Word #: 3 of 12
elkanah, the name of several israelites
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 4 of 12
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
בֵּית֑וֹ and all his house H1004
בֵּית֑וֹ and all his house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 5 of 12
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
לִזְבֹּ֧חַ to offer H2076
לִזְבֹּ֧חַ to offer
Strong's: H2076
Word #: 6 of 12
to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice)
לַֽיהוָ֛ה unto the LORD H3068
לַֽיהוָ֛ה unto the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 7 of 12
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 12
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
זֶ֥בַח sacrifice H2077
זֶ֥בַח sacrifice
Strong's: H2077
Word #: 9 of 12
properly, a slaughter, i.e., the flesh of an animal; by implication, a sacrifice (the victim or the act)
הַיָּמִ֖ים the yearly H3117
הַיָּמִ֖ים the yearly
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 10 of 12
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 11 of 12
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
נִדְרֽוֹ׃ and his vow H5088
נִדְרֽוֹ׃ and his vow
Strong's: H5088
Word #: 12 of 12
a promise (to god); also (concretely) a thing promised

Analysis & Commentary

Elkanah's continuation of annual pilgrimage demonstrates unchanged faithful practice. The reference to 'his vow' indicates he had joined Hannah's commitment, showing marital unity in spiritual matters. The household's collective worship ('all his house') models family religion centered on covenant obligations. Yet the focus shifts to Hannah's exceptional commitment - she will not merely visit Shiloh annually but leave her son there permanently. Elkanah's family maintains normal religious observance while Hannah prepares for extraordinary sacrifice.

Historical Context

The 'yearly sacrifice' likely refers to family obligations beyond the three mandatory festivals. Some scholars suggest this was a special vow-fulfillment offering. The inclusion of 'his vow' indicates Elkanah had made his own commitments to God, perhaps concerning Samuel's dedication.

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