1 Kings 8:5

Authorized King James Version

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And king Solomon, and all the congregation of Israel, that were assembled unto him, were with him before the ark, sacrificing sheep and oxen, that could not be told nor numbered for multitude.

Original Language Analysis

וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ And king H4428
וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ And king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 1 of 19
a king
שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה Solomon H8010
שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה Solomon
Strong's: H8010
Word #: 2 of 19
shelomah, david's successor
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 3 of 19
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
עֲדַ֤ת and all the congregation H5712
עֲדַ֤ת and all the congregation
Strong's: H5712
Word #: 4 of 19
a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 5 of 19
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
הַנּֽוֹעָדִ֣ים that were assembled H3259
הַנּֽוֹעָדִ֣ים that were assembled
Strong's: H3259
Word #: 6 of 19
to fix upon (by agreement or appointment); by implication, to meet (at a stated time), to summon (to trial), to direct (in a certain quarter or positi
עָלָ֔יו H5921
עָלָ֔יו
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 7 of 19
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
אִתּ֖וֹ H854
אִתּ֖וֹ
Strong's: H854
Word #: 8 of 19
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
לִפְנֵ֣י unto him were with him before H6440
לִפְנֵ֣י unto him were with him before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 9 of 19
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
הָֽאָר֑וֹן the ark H727
הָֽאָר֑וֹן the ark
Strong's: H727
Word #: 10 of 19
a box
מְזַבְּחִים֙ sacrificing H2076
מְזַבְּחִים֙ sacrificing
Strong's: H2076
Word #: 11 of 19
to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice)
צֹ֣אן sheep H6629
צֹ֣אן sheep
Strong's: H6629
Word #: 12 of 19
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
וּבָקָ֔ר and oxen H1241
וּבָקָ֔ר and oxen
Strong's: H1241
Word #: 13 of 19
a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd
אֲשֶׁ֧ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֧ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 14 of 19
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 15 of 19
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יִסָּפְר֛וּ that could not be told H5608
יִסָּפְר֛וּ that could not be told
Strong's: H5608
Word #: 16 of 19
properly, to score with a mark as a tally or record, i.e., (by implication) to inscribe, and also to enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e., celebra
וְלֹ֥א H3808
וְלֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 17 of 19
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יִמָּנ֖וּ nor numbered H4487
יִמָּנ֖וּ nor numbered
Strong's: H4487
Word #: 18 of 19
properly, to weigh out; by implication, to allot or constitute officially; also to enumerate or enroll
מֵרֹֽב׃ for multitude H7230
מֵרֹֽב׃ for multitude
Strong's: H7230
Word #: 19 of 19
abundance (in any respect)

Analysis & Commentary

And king Solomon, and all the congregation of Israel, that were assembled unto him, were with him before the ark, sacrificing sheep and oxen, that could not be told nor numbered for multitude.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of dedication of the temple, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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