1 Kings 21:11

Authorized King James Version

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And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who were the inhabitants in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them, and as it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ֩ did H6213
וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ֩ did
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 1 of 18
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
אַנְשֵׁ֨י H376
אַנְשֵׁ֨י
Strong's: H376
Word #: 2 of 18
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
בְּעִיר֔וֹ in his city H5892
בְּעִיר֔וֹ in his city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 3 of 18
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
הַזְּקֵנִ֣ים even the elders H2205
הַזְּקֵנִ֣ים even the elders
Strong's: H2205
Word #: 4 of 18
old
וְהַֽחֹרִ֗ים and the nobles H2715
וְהַֽחֹרִ֗ים and the nobles
Strong's: H2715
Word #: 5 of 18
properly, white or pure (from the cleansing or shining power of fire; hence (figuratively) noble (in rank)
אֲשֶׁ֤ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֤ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 6 of 18
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ who were the inhabitants H3427
הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ who were the inhabitants
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 7 of 18
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
בְּעִיר֔וֹ in his city H5892
בְּעִיר֔וֹ in his city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 8 of 18
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר H834
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 9 of 18
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
שָֽׁלְחָ֖ה had sent H7971
שָֽׁלְחָ֖ה had sent
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 10 of 18
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם H413
אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם
Strong's: H413
Word #: 11 of 18
near, with or among; often in general, to
אִיזָ֑בֶל as Jezebel H348
אִיזָ֑בֶל as Jezebel
Strong's: H348
Word #: 12 of 18
izebel, the wife of king ahab
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר H834
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 13 of 18
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
כָּתוּב֙ unto them and as it was written H3789
כָּתוּב֙ unto them and as it was written
Strong's: H3789
Word #: 14 of 18
to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)
בַּסְּפָרִ֔ים in the letters H5612
בַּסְּפָרִ֔ים in the letters
Strong's: H5612
Word #: 15 of 18
properly, writing (the art or a document); by implication, a book
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 16 of 18
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
שָֽׁלְחָ֖ה had sent H7971
שָֽׁלְחָ֖ה had sent
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 17 of 18
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ H413
אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
Strong's: H413
Word #: 18 of 18
near, with or among; often in general, to

Analysis & Commentary

And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who were the inhabitants in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them, and as it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of naboth's vineyard, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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