1 Kings 20:9

Authorized King James Version

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Wherefore he said unto the messengers of Ben-hadad, Tell my lord the king, All that thou didst send for to thy servant at the first I will do: but this thing I may not do. And the messengers departed, and brought him word again.

Original Language Analysis

אִמְר֞וּ Tell H559
אִמְר֞וּ Tell
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 23
to say (used with great latitude)
הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים And the messengers H4397
הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים And the messengers
Strong's: H4397
Word #: 2 of 23
a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
בֶן H0
בֶן
Strong's: H0
Word #: 3 of 23
הֲדַ֗ד of Benhadad H1130
הֲדַ֗ד of Benhadad
Strong's: H1130
Word #: 4 of 23
ben-hadad, the name of several syrian kings, possibly a royal title
אִמְר֞וּ Tell H559
אִמְר֞וּ Tell
Strong's: H559
Word #: 5 of 23
to say (used with great latitude)
לַֽאדֹנִ֤י my lord H113
לַֽאדֹנִ֤י my lord
Strong's: H113
Word #: 6 of 23
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ the king H4428
הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 7 of 23
a king
כֹּל֩ H3605
כֹּל֩
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 8 of 23
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 9 of 23
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
שָׁלַ֨חְתָּ All that thou didst send H7971
שָׁלַ֨חְתָּ All that thou didst send
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 10 of 23
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 11 of 23
near, with or among; often in general, to
עַבְדְּךָ֤ for to thy servant H5650
עַבְדְּךָ֤ for to thy servant
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 12 of 23
a servant
בָרִֽאשֹׁנָה֙ at the first H7223
בָרִֽאשֹׁנָה֙ at the first
Strong's: H7223
Word #: 13 of 23
first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
לַֽעֲשׂ֑וֹת I will do H6213
לַֽעֲשׂ֑וֹת I will do
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 14 of 23
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
דָּבָֽר׃ but this thing H1697
דָּבָֽר׃ but this thing
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 15 of 23
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
הַזֶּ֔ה H2088
הַזֶּ֔ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 16 of 23
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
לֹ֥א H3808
לֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 17 of 23
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
אוּכַ֖ל I may H3201
אוּכַ֖ל I may
Strong's: H3201
Word #: 18 of 23
to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)
לַֽעֲשׂ֑וֹת I will do H6213
לַֽעֲשׂ֑וֹת I will do
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 19 of 23
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ H1980
וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 20 of 23
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים And the messengers H4397
הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים And the messengers
Strong's: H4397
Word #: 21 of 23
a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
וַיְשִׁבֻ֖הוּ again H7725
וַיְשִׁבֻ֖הוּ again
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 22 of 23
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
דָּבָֽר׃ but this thing H1697
דָּבָֽר׃ but this thing
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 23 of 23
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

Analysis & Commentary

Wherefore he said unto the messengers of Ben-hadad, Tell my lord the king, All that thou didst send for to thy servant at the first I will do: but this thing I may not do. And the messengers departed, and brought him word again.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of ahab's wars with syria, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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