1 Kings 20:31

Authorized King James Version

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And his servants said unto him, Behold now, we have heard that the kings of the house of Israel are merciful kings: let us, I pray thee, put sackcloth on our loins, and ropes upon our heads, and go out to the king of Israel: peradventure he will save thy life.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּֽאמְר֣וּ said H559
וַיֹּֽאמְר֣וּ said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 28
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵלָיו֮ H413
אֵלָיו֮
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 28
near, with or among; often in general, to
עֲבָדָיו֒ And his servants H5650
עֲבָדָיו֒ And his servants
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 3 of 28
a servant
הִנֵּה H2009
הִנֵּה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 4 of 28
lo!
נָ֣א H4994
נָ֣א
Strong's: H4994
Word #: 5 of 28
'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ unto him Behold now we have heard H8085
שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ unto him Behold now we have heard
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 6 of 28
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
כִּ֗י H3588
כִּ֗י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 7 of 28
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
מֶ֣לֶךְ kings H4428
מֶ֣לֶךְ kings
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 8 of 28
a king
בֵּ֣ית of the house H1004
בֵּ֣ית of the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 9 of 28
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 10 of 28
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 11 of 28
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
מֶ֣לֶךְ kings H4428
מֶ֣לֶךְ kings
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 12 of 28
a king
חֶ֖סֶד are merciful H2617
חֶ֖סֶד are merciful
Strong's: H2617
Word #: 13 of 28
kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty
הֵ֑ם H1992
הֵ֑ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 14 of 28
they (only used when emphatic)
נָשִׂ֣ימָה let us I pray thee put H7760
נָשִׂ֣ימָה let us I pray thee put
Strong's: H7760
Word #: 15 of 28
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
נָּא֩ H4994
נָּא֩
Strong's: H4994
Word #: 16 of 28
'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
שַׂקִּ֨ים sackcloth H8242
שַׂקִּ֨ים sackcloth
Strong's: H8242
Word #: 17 of 28
properly, a mesh (as allowing a liquid to run through), i.e., coarse loose cloth or sacking (used in mourning and for bagging); hence, a bag (for grai
בְּמָתְנֵ֜ינוּ on our loins H4975
בְּמָתְנֵ֜ינוּ on our loins
Strong's: H4975
Word #: 18 of 28
properly, the waist or small of the back; only in plural the loins
וַֽחֲבָלִ֣ים and ropes H2256
וַֽחֲבָלִ֣ים and ropes
Strong's: H2256
Word #: 19 of 28
ruin
בְּרֹאשֵׁ֗נוּ upon our heads H7218
בְּרֹאשֵׁ֗נוּ upon our heads
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 20 of 28
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
וְנֵצֵא֙ and go out H3318
וְנֵצֵא֙ and go out
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 21 of 28
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 22 of 28
near, with or among; often in general, to
מֶ֣לֶךְ kings H4428
מֶ֣לֶךְ kings
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 23 of 28
a king
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 24 of 28
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
אוּלַ֖י H194
אוּלַ֖י
Strong's: H194
Word #: 25 of 28
if not; hence perhaps
יְחַיֶּ֥ה peradventure he will save H2421
יְחַיֶּ֥ה peradventure he will save
Strong's: H2421
Word #: 26 of 28
to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 27 of 28
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ thy life H5315
נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ thy life
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 28 of 28
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

Analysis & Commentary

And his servants said unto him, Behold now, we have heard that the kings of the house of Israel are merciful kings: let us, I pray thee, put sackcloth on our loins, and ropes upon our heads, and go out to the king of Israel: peradventure he will save thy life.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of ahab's wars with syria, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism. The temple represents God's dwelling among His people and foreshadows Christ as Immanuel ('God with us').

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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