1 Kings 2:33

Authorized King James Version

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Their blood shall therefore return upon the head of Joab, and upon the head of his seed for ever: but upon David, and upon his seed, and upon his house, and upon his throne, shall there be peace for ever from the LORD.

Original Language Analysis

וְשָׁ֤בוּ shall therefore return H7725
וְשָׁ֤בוּ shall therefore return
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 1 of 17
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
דְמֵיהֶם֙ Their blood H1818
דְמֵיהֶם֙ Their blood
Strong's: H1818
Word #: 2 of 17
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe
וּבְרֹ֥אשׁ and upon the head H7218
וּבְרֹ֥אשׁ and upon the head
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 3 of 17
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
יוֹאָ֔ב of Joab H3097
יוֹאָ֔ב of Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 4 of 17
joab, the name of three israelites
וּבְרֹ֥אשׁ and upon the head H7218
וּבְרֹ֥אשׁ and upon the head
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 5 of 17
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
וּ֠לְזַרְעוֹ and upon his seed H2233
וּ֠לְזַרְעוֹ and upon his seed
Strong's: H2233
Word #: 6 of 17
seed; figuratively, fruit, plant, sowing-time, posterity
עוֹלָ֖ם ever H5769
עוֹלָ֖ם ever
Strong's: H5769
Word #: 7 of 17
properly, concealed, i.e., the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future), i.e., (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial
וּלְדָוִ֡ד but upon David H1732
וּלְדָוִ֡ד but upon David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 8 of 17
david, the youngest son of jesse
וּ֠לְזַרְעוֹ and upon his seed H2233
וּ֠לְזַרְעוֹ and upon his seed
Strong's: H2233
Word #: 9 of 17
seed; figuratively, fruit, plant, sowing-time, posterity
וּלְבֵית֨וֹ and upon his house H1004
וּלְבֵית֨וֹ and upon his house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 10 of 17
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
וּלְכִסְא֜וֹ and upon his throne H3678
וּלְכִסְא֜וֹ and upon his throne
Strong's: H3678
Word #: 11 of 17
properly, covered, i.e., a throne (as canopied)
יִֽהְיֶ֥ה H1961
יִֽהְיֶ֥ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 12 of 17
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
שָׁל֛וֹם shall there be peace H7965
שָׁל֛וֹם shall there be peace
Strong's: H7965
Word #: 13 of 17
safe, i.e., (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e., health, prosperity, peace
עַד for H5704
עַד for
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 14 of 17
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
עוֹלָ֖ם ever H5769
עוֹלָ֖ם ever
Strong's: H5769
Word #: 15 of 17
properly, concealed, i.e., the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future), i.e., (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial
מֵעִ֥ם H5973
מֵעִ֥ם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 16 of 17
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
יְהוָֽה׃ from the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ from the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 17 of 17
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis & Commentary

Their blood shall therefore return upon the head of Joab, and upon the head of his seed for ever: but upon David, and upon his seed, and upon his house, and upon his throne, shall there be peace for ever from the LORD.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of david's death and solomon's consolidation of power, within the book's focus on succession narrative and establishment of Solomon's reign. The temple represents God's dwelling among His people and foreshadows Christ as Immanuel ('God with us').

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. This passage describes events around 970 BCE during the transition from David to Solomon.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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