1 Corinthians 12:19

Authorized King James Version

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And if they were all one member, where were the body?

Original Language Analysis

εἰ if G1487
εἰ if
Strong's: G1487
Word #: 1 of 10
if, whether, that, etc
δὲ And G1161
δὲ And
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 10
but, and, etc
ἦν they were G2258
ἦν they were
Strong's: G2258
Word #: 3 of 10
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
τὰ G3588
τὰ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 4 of 10
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πάντα all G3956
πάντα all
Strong's: G3956
Word #: 5 of 10
all, any, every, the whole
ἓν one G1520
ἓν one
Strong's: G1520
Word #: 6 of 10
one
μέλος member G3196
μέλος member
Strong's: G3196
Word #: 7 of 10
a limb or part of the body
ποῦ where G4226
ποῦ where
Strong's: G4226
Word #: 8 of 10
as adverb of place; at (by implication, to) what locality
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 9 of 10
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
σῶμα were the body G4983
σῶμα were the body
Strong's: G4983
Word #: 10 of 10
the body (as a sound whole), used in a very wide application, literally or figuratively

Analysis & Commentary

And if they were all one member, where were the body?—Paul's climactic rhetorical question: if uniformity prevailed, the body itself would cease to exist. A body requires multiplicity—many members with diverse functions. En melos ("one member") is a contradiction in terms; melos (member) implies belonging to something larger. A solitary organ isn't a body but a fragment.

The question's force: Corinthian insistence on gift-uniformity (everyone should speak in tongues) would destroy the church. Unity doesn't mean uniformity; it means diverse members functioning in coordinated harmony under the head's direction. A room full of eyeballs isn't a body; it's a horror. A church full of only teachers or only prophets isn't a body; it's a monstrosity. God's design requires administrators and mercy-givers, encouragers and discerners, givers and servers—all working in complementary symphony.

Historical Context

Corinth's factional divisions (1 Cor 1:12—"I am of Paul," "I am of Apollos") reflected their failure to grasp body-unity. Each faction wanted uniformity around their preferred leader/gift. Paul insists diversity under Christ's headship, not uniformity under human leadership, constitutes the body.

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