1 Chronicles 1:22
And Ebal, and Abimael, and Sheba,
Original Language Analysis
וְאֶת
H853
וְאֶת
Strong's:
H853
Word #:
1 of 6
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
וְאֶת
H853
וְאֶת
Strong's:
H853
Word #:
3 of 6
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
Cross References
Historical Context
The Joktanite tribes settled southern Arabia, establishing trade networks dealing in spices, gold, and incense. Sheba became wealthy through controlling trade routes, evident in archaeological remains at sites like Marib. The Queen of Sheba's visit (c. 950 BC) represents these kingdoms' recognition of Israel's God during Solomon's zenith.
Questions for Reflection
- How does the Queen of Sheba's seeking wisdom from Solomon challenge you to pursue spiritual wisdom with equal diligence?
- What does it mean that even peoples outside the covenant line could recognize and honor Yahweh?
Analysis & Commentary
Ebal, and Abimael, and Sheba—these sons of Joktan represent Arabian tribal founders descended from Shem. The Hebrew עוֹבָל (Obal/Ebal) possibly means 'bare' or 'stripped,' while אֲבִימָאֵל (Abimael) means 'my father is God,' and שְׁבָא (Sheba) denotes 'seven' or 'oath.'
Sheba particularly matters: this Arabian kingdom (modern Yemen) produced the Queen who visited Solomon (1 Kings 10), testing his wisdom with hard questions. These Semitic peoples, though outside Israel's covenant line, shared linguistic and cultural connections, and some like Sheba acknowledged Yahweh's supremacy through Solomon.